1) Incomplete Penetration: Due to light and rapper hammer blowing the penetration of deformation during forging may be less. To minimize incomplete penetration forging of large cross-section are made in forging press.
2) Surface Cracking: It can occur as a result of excessive working of the surface too low temperature or as a result of hot shortness. A high sulphur concentration in the furnace atmosphere can produce hot shortness.
3) Cold Shut or Fold: When the two surface of metal fold against each other without welded completely a discontinuity is produced, it is called cold shut. A common cause of fold shut is too small and die radius and low temperature. It happened in close die forging common case of it is very small die radius.
4) Internal Crack: Internal crack can develop during upsetting of the cylinder or round as a result of circumferential tensile stress changes of internal cracking in less in case of close die forging. In open die forging using of concave dies during upsetting can minimize bulging and minimize the probability of cracking.
2) Surface Cracking: It can occur as a result of excessive working of the surface too low temperature or as a result of hot shortness. A high sulphur concentration in the furnace atmosphere can produce hot shortness.
3) Cold Shut or Fold: When the two surface of metal fold against each other without welded completely a discontinuity is produced, it is called cold shut. A common cause of fold shut is too small and die radius and low temperature. It happened in close die forging common case of it is very small die radius.
4) Internal Crack: Internal crack can develop during upsetting of the cylinder or round as a result of circumferential tensile stress changes of internal cracking in less in case of close die forging. In open die forging using of concave dies during upsetting can minimize bulging and minimize the probability of cracking.
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